Mailman 是一個郵件列表管理系統。它與郵件伺服器結合使用。
安裝
Mailman 可與Postorius(用於配置)和Hyperkitty(用於存檔)結合使用。
mailman
專用用戶的身份運行,因此任何對mailman
可執行文件的調用都必須以mailman
用戶的身份進行。配置
All configuration for Mailman takes place in /etc/mailman.cfg
. The schema explaining all possible configuration options and setting the defaults is stored in /usr/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mailman/config/schema.cfg
.
The configuration is also accessible via the command line. Run the following command as the mailman
user (e.g. using sudo or su):
[mailman]$ mailman conf
資料庫
Mailman by default uses an SQLite database in /var/lib/mailman/data/
, but can be configured to use MariaDB or PostgreSQL.
SQLite
The default location for the SQLite database is already reflected in the schema.cfg
and therefore does not have to be set in Mailman's configuration.
/etc/mailman.cfg
[database] url: sqlite:////var/lib/mailman/data/mailman.db
MariaDB
Install the python-pymysql包 package and configure a database on MariaDB.
/etc/mailman.cfg
[database] class: mailman.database.mysql.MySQLDatabase url: mysql+pymysql://myuser:mypassword@mymysqlhost/mailman?charset=utf8&use_unicode=1
PostgreSQL
Install the python-psycopg2包 package and create a database using PostgreSQL.
/etc/mailman.cfg
[database] class: mailman.database.postgresql.PostgreSQLDatabase url: postgres://myuser:mypassword@mypghost/mailman
REST API
Mailman exposes its REST API based on the settings in the [webservice]
section of the configuration. Make sure to replace the default values for admin_user
and admin_pass
(do not use the example values below).
/etc/mailman.cfg
[webservice] admin_user: my_new_admin_user_name admin_pass: my_new_admin_user_password
ARC
By default DMARC and DKIM are disabled. The configuration takes place in the [ARC]
section of the configuration file. Make sure to set necessary values and read the documentation about the defaults.
/etc/mailman.cfg
[ARC] enabled: yes authserv_id: mailserver.tld trusted_authserv_ids: subdomain.mailserver.tld, other.mailserver.tld privkey: /path/to/privatekey.pem selector: test domain: mailserver.tld
MTA
To connect a mail-transfer-agent (MTA), it is necessary to configure the [mta]
section in the configuration file. Upstream documentation covers examples for postfix, exim and sendmail, but other MTAs are technically possible.
Postfix
To connect to a local postfix instance the following configuration section can be used:
/etc/mailman.cfg
[mta] incoming: mailman.mta.postfix.LMTP outgoing: mailman.mta.deliver.deliver lmtp_host: mail.example.com lmtp_port: 8024 smtp_host: mail.example.com smtp_port: 25
The postfix configuration has to be extended to ensure compatibility (see upstream notes).
/etc/postfix/main.cf
[..] recipient_delimiter = + unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 owner_request_special = no [..]
Additionally, postfix needs to be made aware of mailman's transport maps. Depending on the postfix configuration these may look similar to the following.
transport_maps
, local_recipient_maps
, relay_domains
, virtual_mailbox_domains
and virtual_alias_maps
are merged with the additional values./etc/postfix/main.cf
[..] transport_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp local_recipient_maps = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp relay_domains = hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_domains [..]
If postmap
is not directly accessible by mailman for creating the default hash-based alias maps, it is possible to generate regular expression based alias maps instead.
To overwrite the default Python-class based configuration, mailman allows the use of a configuration file. Create the following file:
/etc/postfix-mailman.cfg
[postfix] postmap_command: /usr/bin/postmap transport_file_type: regex
Add the file to the [mta]
section in mailman's configuration file.
/etc/mailman.cfg
[mta] [..] configuration: /etc/postfix-mailman.cfg
Afterwards the regexp
based exports can then be used in the postfix configuration.
/etc/postfix/main.cf
[..] transport_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp local_recipient_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp relay_domains = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_domains [..]
hash
to regexp
): [mailman]$ mailman aliases
To connect to a local postfix instance with a virtual mail setup, first set an alias domain. Afterwards alter the respective configuration.
/etc/postfix/main.cf
[..] local_recipient_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp transport_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_lmtp virtual_mailbox_domains = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_domains virtual_alias_maps = regexp:/var/lib/mailman/data/postfix_vmap [..]
運行
有幾個systemd定時器服務,負責列表管理的各個方面:
-
mailman3-digests.timer
:用於向訂閱者發送每日摘要。 -
mailman3-gatenews.timer
:每小時輪詢NNTP伺服器以獲取新聞 -
mailman3-notify.timer
:用於每天向管理員發送待處理請求的通知。
安裝
與郵件伺服器集成
與 Hyperkitty 集成
Mailman does not automatically archive mails on its own. The Hyperkitty web application is used for this purpose. Based on a plugin, mailman is able to send mails to a Hyperkitty instance for archival.
Install the mailman3-hyperkitty包 package and configure /etc/mailman-hyperkitty.cfg
.
/etc/mailman-hyperkitty.cfg
[general] base_url: https://example.tld/hyperkitty/ api_key: super_secret_password
Afterwards, make mailman aware of the plugin:
/etc/mailman.cfg
[archiver.hyperkitty] class: mailman_hyperkitty.Archiver enable: yes configuration: /etc/mailman-hyperkitty.cfg
提示與技巧
從 mailman < 3.0 遷移
Mailman 可以導入基於 mailman < 3.0 的列表資料庫(config.pck
)。以 mailman
用戶身份(例如使用 sudo 或 su )運行以下命令:
[mailman]$ mailman import21 LISTSPEC PICKLE_FILE
這裡,LISTSPEC
表示要導入的列表的全稱(例如 list@example.com
),PICKLE_FILE
表示列表的 config.pck
文件路徑。
REST API
Mailman 公開了REST API,可使用基於 python-mailmanclient包 的自定義工具進行連接。
參見
- Mailman 文檔 - 上游文檔
- Mailmanclient 文檔 - 上游文檔
- 連接到 Mailman - 關於mailman3-hyperkitty包的上游文檔
- Mailman Suite 文檔 - 整個 Mailman 套件(Mailman、Hyperkitty 和 Postorius)的(高級)上游文檔