文件是GNOME的默認文件管理器。文件的目的是提供一種管理文件和應用的簡化方法。
安裝
安裝nautilus包軟體包,此軟體包是gnome包組組的一部分。見File manager functionality#附加功能[損壞的連結:無效的章節]。
擴展
一些程序可以為文件增加額外的功能,例如下面這些來自官方軟體倉庫和AUR的軟體包。
- File Manager Actions — Configures programs to be launched when files are selected in Nautilus (written in C)
- Folder Color — A file browser extension for choosing the color of a folder (written in Python)
- https://foldercolor.tuxfamily.org/ || folder-color-nautilusAUR
- 提示:This extension works only with these icon-themes which contain additional colored icons, eg:
numix-icon-theme-gitAUR, vibrancy-colorsAUR, humanity-icon-themeAUR, mint-x-iconsAUR
- Nautilus Admin — Add to menu: "Open as administrator" or "Edit as administrator" (written in Python)
- Nautilus Annotations — Annotate files and directories (written in C)
- Nautilus Bluetooth — Add to menu: "Send via Bluetooth" (written in C)
- Nautilus Git — Nautilus/Nemo extension to add important information about the current git directory (written in Python)
- Nautilus Hide — Add to menu: "Hide"/"Unhide" (written in C)
- Nautilus Launch — Nautilus extension to run executables and launchers via right-click menu (written in C)
-
Nautilus Metadata Editor — Nautilus extension with simple Metadata Editor for the following mime types:
audio/x-mp3
,audio/x-flac
,audio/x-vorbis+ogg
,audio/x-speex+ogg
,audio/x-musepack
,audio/x-wavpack
,audio/x-tta
,audio/x-aiff
,audio/m4a
,video/mp4
,video/x-ms-asf
(written in C and Vala)
- Nautilus SendTo — Files context menu for sending files (written in C)
- Nautilus Share — Nautilus extension to share folder using Samba (written in C)
- Nautilus Wipe — Nautilus extension to provide wiping integration (written in C)
- Seahorse Nautilus — PGP encryption and signing for Files (written in C)
安裝自己Nautilus擴展的應用程式
以下應用默認安裝自己的擴展,從而將其功能集成於Nautilus。
- EasyTAG — EasyTAG is a simple application for viewing and editing tags in audio files; it supports MP3, MP2, MP4/AAC, FLAC, Ogg Opus, Ogg Speex, Ogg Vorbis, MusePack, Monkey's Audio, and WavPack files and works under Linux or Windows — The application includes a "Nautilus EasyTAG" extension (written in C)
- Brasero — CD/DVD mastering tool — The application includes a "Nautilus Brasero" extension (written in C)
- Eiciel — GNOME file ACL editor — The application includes an "Eiciel Nautilus" extension that add graphical ACL editor into the file properties window (written in C++)
- Evince — Document viewer (PDF, PostScript, XPS, djvu, dvi, tiff, cbr, cbz, cb7, cbt) — The application includes an "Evince Properties Page" extension for Nautilus (written in C)
- File Roller — An application for browsing archives — The application includes a "Nautilus FileRoller" extension (written in C)
- GNOME Terminal — The GNOME Terminal Emulator — The application includes a "Terminal Nautilus" extension (written in C)
- Tilix — A tiling terminal emulator for GNU/Linux using GTK+ 3 — The application includes an extension for Nautilus which adds an "Open in Tilix" option to the context menu (written in Python)
- https://github.com/gnunn1/tilix || tilix包
- 注意: "Open in Tilix"擴展將python-nautilus包軟體包標記為可選依賴,但必須安裝才能使用。
依賴非自由軟體的擴展
一些GNOME 文件的擴展雖然免費/自由,但可能依賴於非自由軟體,例如:
- Code Nautilus — 用來在Visual Studio Code中打開文件和目錄的Nautilus擴展(用Python編寫)
- JetBrains Nautilus — Nautilus extension to open files and directories in JetBrains Toolbox installed products (written in Python)
配置
文件很容易進行圖形化配置,但並非所有選項都能在首選項中找到。更多選項可以使用dconf-editor在org.gnome.nautilus
中找到。
/usr/lib/gsd-xsettings
正在運行,否則dconf設置不會在文件中應用。桌面圖標
見GNOME#Icons on the desktop[損壞的連結:無效的章節]。
改變默認項目視圖
設置default-folder-viewer
變量可以改變項目的默認視圖,如設為列表視圖:
$ gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences default-folder-viewer 'list-view'
按類型排序
若要默認用類型排序所有文件夾中的文件:
$ gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences default-sort-order 'type'
從側邊欄移除文件夾
~/.config/user-dirs.dirs
中指定了側邊欄顯示的文件夾,可以用文本編輯器修改。執行xdg-user-dirs-update
會改變文件,因此最好將文件權限設為只讀。
始終顯示文本文件路徑
文件工具欄默認顯示用於路徑導航的按鈕欄界面。若要用鍵盤輸入路徑,則需按Ctrl+l
顯示文本路徑欄。
若要始終以文本路徑欄顯示,可以使用以下gsettings命令:
$ gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences always-use-location-entry true
提示與技巧
縮略圖
見File manager functionality#縮略圖預覽[損壞的連結:無效的章節]。
~/.cache/thumbnails/fail/
目錄中),這是由於非特權用戶的命名空間因為安全原因在該內核上默認禁用。Nautilus使用bwrap
(由bubblewrap包提供)對縮略圖進行沙盒處理。可以用bubblewrap-suid包替換bubblewrap包。詳見Security#Sandboxing applications。有時會無法顯示視頻縮略圖。若要解決此問題(正如No video thumbnails on nautilus),必須安裝ffmpegthumbnailer包、gst-libav包、gst-plugins-ugly包並移除~/.cache/thumbnails/fail/
裡的內容。
用右鍵菜單創建新文檔
若要使用此選項,請在您的主文件夾中創建一個~/Templates/
(模板)文件夾,並通過終端touch ~/Templates/new
或任何文件管理器在該文件夾中放置一個空文件,然後重新啟動文件。
在非英語系統中,模板目錄的名稱可能不同。可以用xdg-user-dir TEMPLATES
找到實際目錄。
可以在~/.config/user-dirs.dirs
文件中配置模板目錄。
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/some/path"
隱藏文件
GNOME文件和大部分文件管理器一樣,默認隱藏名稱以「.」開頭的文件。
GNOME Files additionally hides files when their names are listed in a .hidden
file in the same directory (one filename per line). See nautilus-hideAUR for an extension that facilitates adding/removing entries from such .hidden
files.
在Tilix中打開當前路徑
If you are using tilix包 terminal you can easily add "Open in Tilix" option to the context menu of GNOME Files by installing its optional dependency python-nautilus包.
將文件夾加入書籤
若要將文件夾添加到你的書籤中,只需在Nautilus中打開該文件夾,並按Ctrl+d
。請注意,書籤列表與其它基於GNOME的圖形化文件管理器(如Nemo)共享,因此在其中增減的文件夾也會影響到其它文件管理器中的書籤。
自定義腳本
位於~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts
的腳本可以運行於文件的右鍵關聯菜單。
The context menu can also be organized into subfolders, e.g. ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/images
and ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/music
.
Scripts have access to the following environment variables:
NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_WINDOW_GEOMETRY
一些腳本示例:
~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/open-terminal-here
#!/bin/sh gnome-terminal
~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/remove-extension
#!/bin/sh echo "$NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS" | while read -r filename; do mv -n "$filename" "${filename%.*}" done
nautilus -q
for them to show up.Keybinds
Keybinds to execute scripts can be assigned in the ~/.config/nautilus/scripts-accels
file:
; Example Keybinds ; Modifiers: <Control> <Alt> <Shift> F4 open-terminal-here <Alt>x remove-extension
疑難解答
文件已不再是默認文件管理器
這可能是因為重置了路徑的文件關聯,安裝anjutaAUR往往會造成這種情況。
若要解決此問題,打開文件,右鍵點擊一個文件夾,然後選擇使用其它程序打開 > 文件 > 選擇,就會把路徑的關聯設回文件。
若沒有解決此問題,見File manager functionality#目錄未在文件管理器中打開[損壞的連結:無效的章節]。
每次複製操作後都會卡幾秒
如果系統中安裝了kdeconnect包,問題可能來自其文件共享模塊,停用文件共享即可。
打不開Google Drive
可能是因為沒有全部安裝以下軟體包:
全部安裝即可。